E 42 ANY aide pour le ch.22

CH 22 CH 22 The Quest for Empire, 1865-19141

Imperial Promoters: The Foreign Policy Elite and Economic expansion

4 main reasons that justified expansion abroad:

2 Ideology, Culture and Empire (à lire)

Some aspects (cf. racial hierarchy) may ring a bell, and may be connected to what we studied about Manifest Destiny

3 Ambitions abroad, 1860s-1880s

One of the chief architects of overseas ambitions:
2 of his most prominent interventions abroad:
for ardent expansionists the ideal means to conquer the world:

4 Crises in the 1890s: Hawaii, Venezuela, and Cuba

The Frontier was officially closed in 1890

Main theory about the frontier experiment and its consequences:
CF. Document 31 in your dossier

Hawaii: situation in 1890:
Annexation forced by the commercial elite, officially passed in Congress in :

When McKinley became president in 1897 the sentiment in favor of annexation of Hawaii was strong in the US; the President himself was convinced that annexation was necessary because it would provide a naval base in the Pacific and would further American commercial investments in the Pacific. What’s more many Americans supported annexation out of the belief that the US was destined to control the Pacific and that the nation had a duty to take the American democratic institutions to the people of that area.

Venezuela:
the argument the US used to settle the dispute between Britain and Venezuela over the gold-rich territory of Guiana:
Cuba:
The main link between Cuba and the United States:
The US had debated the possibility of acquiring Cuba in the 1850s.

1868-1878: Cuban rebellion against Spain
The Cuban revolution against Spain: 1895: causes and consequences:

The Sinking of the Maine and its consequences:
The Teller Amendment:

5 The Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino-War and the Debate over Empire

The war is known as the Spanish-American War
May 1898:
June 1898:
December 1898 Treaty of Paris; 3 major provisions:
Some examples of anti-imperialists and their arguments:
(some of them may remind you of the debates about the annexation of Texas)
Imperialists' arguments:

6 Asian Encounters: Open Door in China, Philippine Insurrection, and Japan

The other imperial powers present in China:

Many European powers controlled a sphere of influence in China: a geographic area more or less under the economic and political control of a nation.

The Open Door policy and its justification:

The Boxers rebellion: ultrapatriotic Chinese demanding that foreign powers be driven out from China. In 1900 they attacked members of the foreign community in the capital, prompting the US to organize an international relief force to rescue the besieged foreigners.

The ideology linked to the Open Door policy:

Philippines Insurrection quelled by the US in 1905; over 200 000 dead; “Americanization” of the Philippines; independence ultimately granted in 1946

Definition of Dollar diplomacy:

7 Latin America, Europe, and International Rivalry

Expansion of US economic and political interests in Latin America
Cuba: - major industries controlled by the Americans
- the Platt amendment (3 main provisions)

Panama:
- “method” used by the Americans to gain political control of the region
- completion of the canal:


1904 Roosevelt Corollary:
Doc 33
- motive:
- central argument:
central quote “Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. Chronic wrongdoing, however… may force the United States to exercise an international police power.”



Examples of US intervention in Latin America, 1900-1917:
Mexico:
- Examples of US control:

Brief conclusion (from the summary):